![]() ![]() Kevin Mitnick breaks into his first major computer system, the Ark, the computer system Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) used for developing their RSTS/E operating system software.Draper (later nicknamed Captain Crunch), his friend Joe Engressia (also known as Joybubbles), and blue box phone phreaking hit the news with an Esquire magazine feature story. This was an early example of a kind of sportive, but very effective, debugging that was often repeated in the evolution of APL systems. In their documentation they acknowledge their gratitude to "a number of high school students for their compulsion to bomb the system". They modeled their system after APL/360, which had by that time been developed and seen substantial use inside of IBM, using code borrowed from MAT/1500 where possible. Science Research Associates undertook to write a full APL system for the IBM 1500. This first informal network penetration effort was later acknowledged as helping harden the security of one of the first publicly accessible networks: ![]() ![]() Eventually, curiosity drove the students to explore the system's wider context. They were free to explore the system, often using existing code available in public Workspaces as models for their own creations. Working independently, the students quickly learned the language and the system. The APL network system was structured in Workspaces which were assigned to various clients using the system. In the Fall of 1967, IBM (through Science Research Associates) approached Evanston Township High School with the offer of four 2741 Selectric teletypewriter based terminals with dial-up modem connectivity to an experimental computer system which implemented an early version of the APL programming language. The first known incidence of network penetration hacking took place when members of a computer club at a suburban Chicago area high school were provided access to IBM's APL network.The flaw was discovered when two system programmers were editing at the same time and the temporary files for the message-of-the day and the password file became swapped, causing the contents of the system CTSS password file to display to any user logging into the system. The standard text editor on the system was designed to be used by one user at a time, working in one directory, and so created a temporary file with a constant name for all instantiations of the editor. Mathews from MIT found a vulnerability in a CTSS running on an IBM 7094. The first ever reference to malicious hacking is ' telephone hackers' in MIT's student newspaper, The Tech of hackers tying up the lines with Harvard, configuring the PDP-1 to make free calls, war dialing and accumulating large phone bills.Various phreaking boxes are used to interact with automated telephone systems.Joe " Joybubbles" Engressia, a blind seven-year-old boy with perfect pitch, discovered that whistling the fourth E above middle C (a frequency of 2600 Hz) would interfere with AT&T's automated telephone systems, thereby inadvertently opening the door for phreaking.Eccles requests that anyone working or hacking on the electrical system turn the power off to avoid fuse blowing." The minutes of an April 1955 meeting of the Tech Model Railroad Club state that "Mr. At MIT, "hack" first came to mean fussing with machines. ![]() In the paper von Neumann speculated that computer programs could reproduce themselves.
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